自体移植 Guide: 治疗及副作用
大剂量化疗
化疗 will probably begin the day you are admitted to the hospital. Your doctor will discuss all of the drugs you will receive and their side effects. 你的执业护士、住院护士和药剂师也会回答你的问题. 此外,您可能会在同意书中收到有关这些药物的书面信息.
Some precautions are 采取 to minimize side effects from these drugs. 例如, 当接受某些类型的化疗时, 患者必须每天彻底淋浴两次,以清除通过皮肤排出的药物,以帮助防止严重的皮疹. The inpatient nurse will review any special precautions that you may need to take.
Nausea is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. 在你的化疗开始之前,你需要立即服用止吐药物,并且在最后一次化疗完成后的24到48小时内,你需要持续服用止吐药物. 医疗团队会不断评估你对止吐药物的反应,努力将你的不适从恶心降到最低. The anti恶心想吐。 medication can make you feel tired, so you may sleep more than usual during the chemotherapy. 如果你认为你需要更多的止吐药物,告诉你的护士、药剂师或十大赌博平台排行榜.
通常,化疗在住院的前两到八天进行.
全身照射
Some patients receive total body irradiation (TBI) in addition to chemotherapy. 当你讨论你的治疗方案时,你的诊所十大赌博平台排行榜会告诉你是否得了脑外伤. 这种放射疗法旨在摧毁残留的癌细胞,进一步抑制免疫系统. 放射治疗十大赌博平台排行榜会和你讨论治疗的细节和副作用.
创伤性脑损伤的治疗在放射治疗部门进行,通常持续三到四天. 治疗本身是无痛的, but there may be uncomfortable side effects after treatment, 比如口腔和咽喉溃疡, 恶心想吐。, 肠胃不适, 皮肤发红. Anti恶心想吐。 medication is usually given before each treatment to reduce 恶心想吐。. Additional medications will be given as needed.
移植程序
移植手术将在你最后一次化疗后的一到三天内进行,或者在你最后一次放疗后的任何时间进行. The day of transplantation is referred to as Day 0. You may have a family member in the room with you during the infusion if you wish.
移植手术类似于简单的输血,将在你的病房里进行. 实际的过程大约需要45分钟,取决于干细胞的体积. If you are receiving bone marrow, the infusion may take several hours. The 血 stem cells will be infused through your central venous catheter. 你的护士会检查你的血压, 温度, 呼吸和脉搏, 并注意是否有副作用.
通常没有副作用, but occasional patients may experience a funny taste in the mouth, 发冷, 脸红, 恶心和呕吐, 头疼。, 血压和呼吸的变化. Your urine also may be tinged red for the first 24 hours after transplantation. If your urine remains red after this time or becomes red later, tell your nurse.
延迟性副作用
人体在移植后大约一周会感受到化疗或放疗的影响. When your 血 counts are low, you will feel fatigued. You may feel like you have the flu and may not want to do much. This will last for about two weeks and will decrease as your 血 counts improve. You may notice a number of other symptoms as well.
食欲不振
经常出现食欲不振. 避免食用会引起不适的食物,或者有时不讨论饮食和食物会有所帮助. Try to eat small amounts but more frequently – become a nibbler. Eat what you have cravings for and don't eat what is not appealing. Your appetite will begin to improve when your 血 counts get better.
你需要摄入至少1000卡路里的热量,喝一夸脱的液体才能排出. 在你的中性粒细胞计数上升之前,你的胃可能还没有完全恢复到这个程度.
化疗, 创伤性脑损伤和一些药物可能会暂时改变你的味觉,有时还会改变你的嗅觉. Many patients state that suddenly food tastes like paper or cardboard. 随着味蕾开始恢复, 你可能会觉得食物太甜了, 太酸, too salty or too bitter depending on which area of the tongue is recovering first. 大多数患者发现他们的味觉在创伤性脑损伤或化疗后的第二或第三周开始恢复, 但完全恢复可能需要数月时间.
恶心和呕吐
化疗,创伤性脑损伤和有时抗生素可引起不同程度的恶心和/或呕吐. Your doctor will order medication to control the 恶心和呕吐. The medication will be given as you call for it. 问你的护士是否需要止吐药.
Some foods, especially the odor of hot foods, may increase the 恶心想吐。 or vomiting. 如果发生这种情况, 最好在几天内尽量避免这些食物,只选择那些让你更舒服的食物, 比如冷的食物和饮料. Avoid greasy foods and eat small, frequent meals instead of large amounts.
We do not recommend forcing yourself to eat when you are having 恶心和呕吐, because often this can worsen the 恶心和呕吐 and cause problems later, 比如长期不喜欢这些食物,因为你把它们和生病联系在一起(食物厌恶)。.
Rest after meals and keep your head slightly elevated. 如果恶心严重, 每隔几分钟喝少量的透明液体,而不是一次喝一整杯.
视力的变化
有些药物可能会让你昏昏欲睡,或者在服药后的几个小时内难以集中你的视力. 如果视力持续变化,请告知护士,以便评估其他可能的原因.
口腔和喉咙疼痛
After chemotherapy, your mouth may become red and tender, and your gums may bleed. 这被称为口腔炎或粘膜炎.
每天用柔软的牙刷刷牙四次,用盐和苏打溶液漱口,保持口腔清洁是很重要的, Ampho B mouthwash and peridex every two hours while awake. 你也会被给予抗真菌漱口水两性霉素一天几次. 不要使用商业漱口水,因为其中的酒精可能会使你的口腔疼痛. If your mouth is too sore to brush your teeth, then just use the salt/soda rinses.
Be sure to tell the nurse if your mouth is sore or your gums are bleeding. 可能有必要尝试其他漱口水或止痛药,让你感觉更舒服.
腹泻。
化疗, TBI and some antibiotics may cause diarrhea. This can lead to skin breakdown and infection around the 直肠. A stool sample may be collected to rule out infection as a cause of diarrhea.
有减少腹泻的药物, and creams or sitz baths may soothe the irritation around the bottom. Please let the nurse know if you are having any discomfort around your bottom.
睡眠问题
It is not unusual for patients to have trouble sleeping in the hospital. Hospital personnel involved in your care may interrupt your rest at intervals. If you have trouble finding enough time to sleep, 让你的护士帮你安排时间表,这样你晚上就能有一些不受打扰的休息时间. 还可以服用安眠药. 白天尽量不要睡觉.
感染
感染是住院期间中性粒细胞计数低时最常见的并发症之一. 然而, after the white 血 cell count comes up to normal, 对感染的抵抗力仍在下降, 部分原因是你将接受的药物治疗,部分原因是你的新免疫系统需要时间来生长. 这可能需要长达两年的时间. 我们会监测你免疫系统的恢复情况一旦感染风险降低我们会通知你.
Strategies aimed at controlling exposure to infectious organisms include:
- 私人房间
- 限制访客的年龄和人数
- 特殊的饮食
- The use of a mask when the patient leaves the room
- 个人卫生, including daily bathing with antimicrobial soap and oral care with chemobrush, 盐和苏打水冲洗, 护环和两性霉素漱口水
In addition, antibiotics will be administered to prevent infections. 出院后你还要继续服用,以防止感染.
感染可能发生在身体的任何部位. 向护士或十大赌博平台排行榜报告任何感染的迹象或症状是非常重要的. 体征和症状包括:
- 发冷和/或发烧
- 呼吸短促、咳嗽和咳痰(一种粘液样分泌物)
- 稀便、水样便或胃痛
- 水泡, 皮疹, 口腔溃疡, 导管部位出现溃疡或发红, and irritation or sores around the vaginal or rectal area
- Headache or inability to bend your neck forward
- Sore throat, difficulty or pain in swallowing, toothaches and earaches
- 排便或排尿时疼痛
- 脚趾甲或手指甲周围受感染的倒钩或皮肤,包括任何红肿
当怀疑感染时,十大赌博平台排行榜会要求采集和培养样本. 这些可能包括尿液样本, 血, 痰和大便, 你喉咙里的棉签, 直肠, 导管部位和任何可疑的皮肤破损. 你也会有 胸部x光片 采取. Additional antibiotic medication may be given to fight the suspected infection.
脱发
Hair loss generally occurs one to two weeks after chemotherapy or TBI. This is temporary and the hair is expected to grow back. 我们建议剃须或把头发剪得很短,以防止脱发时发痒.
Wigs are not recommended during your hospital stay, 因为它们不能被正确地清洗, but you may want to purchase a wig or hairpiece after you are discharged. 这些是免税的医疗费用. 一些医疗保险包括这些费用.
继续阅读
- 下一个: 血液计数和输血
回到 自体移植指南索引:
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.